Oncology Blood Testing Market

• In September 2025, Exact Sciences launched Cancerguard, a multi-cancer early detection blood test designed to expand access to oncology diagnostics. The test evaluates multiple biomarker classes and operates as a laboratory-developed test, supported by a collection agreement with a major diagnostics network to reach thousands of patient sites.

• In February 2024, Freenome secured substantial investment funding to advance its blood-based cancer detection platform. The financing aims to accelerate pivotal studies, enhance single-cancer and multi-cancer test development, and prepare for large-scale commercialization across healthcare markets.

In this report, the Oncology Blood Testing Market has been segmented by Test Type, Application, End User and Geography.

Oncology Blood Testing Market, Segmentation by Test Type

The Test Type landscape spans screening, diagnosis, therapy selection, and longitudinal disease monitoring, each with distinct performance and workflow needs. Vendors compete on analytical sensitivity/specificity, sample-to-answer time, and bioinformatics that transforms raw signal into actionable insights for clinicians. Commercial strategies emphasize clinical validation, payer-aligned utility, and partnerships that extend test reach across oncology networks and integrated delivery systems while addressing cost-effectiveness and scalability.

Liquid Biopsy Assays

Liquid biopsy assays analyze circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cell-free DNA, and other analytes to inform minimal residual disease, early relapse detection, and targeted therapy selection. Growth is propelled by expanding tumor-agnostic biomarkers, improved panels, and real-world evidence that supports use alongside tissue testing. Companies invest in NGS workflows, automated sample prep, and oncology-center partnerships to accelerate adoption across academic and community settings and enable routine treatment monitoring.

CBC (Complete Blood Count) Test

The CBC provides baseline and ongoing evaluation for oncology patients, informing myelosuppression risk, infection monitoring, and therapy modifications. Its ubiquity, low cost, and integration into chemotherapy protocols secure consistent utilization across care sites. Suppliers focus on analyzer reliability, turnaround time, and connectivity with hospital information systems to support throughput and high-quality clinical decision-making.

Blood Protein Test

Blood protein testing tracks proteomic biomarkers related to tumor burden, inflammation, and treatment response. Adoption depends on clinical guidelines, assay standardization, and the ability to complement genetic tests with phenotypic readouts. Vendors prioritize multiplex formats, quality controls, and collaborations that tie biomarker dynamics to outcomes, supporting broader use across oncology sub-specialties and value-based care models.

Tumor Marker Test

Tumor markers such as CEA, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, and others support prognosis and surveillance, particularly in post-treatment follow-up. Market activity centers on better specificity, reflex algorithms, and integration with imaging and molecular testing to improve clinical utility. Differentiation comes from lab automation, reagent stability, and robust reference ranges that enhance interpretability across diverse patient populations and care settings.

CTC (Circulating Tumor Cells)-Based Test

CTC-based tests offer a cellular window into tumor biology for metastatic risk stratification and therapy assessment. While technically demanding, progress in capture/enrichment and single-cell analysis expands relevance in precision oncology. Developers emphasize standardized protocols, clinical utility studies, and partnerships with research consortia to translate insights into routine workflows and strengthen reimbursement readiness.

NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing) Test

Although designed for prenatal screening, NIPT platforms demonstrate technology cross-over—high-throughput cfDNA analytics and bioinformatics—that is increasingly leveraged in oncology pipelines. Suppliers with mature sequencing infrastructure explore adjacent oncology applications through assay reconfiguration, regulatory pathways, and partnerships. The strategic advantage lies in scalable lab networks and cost curves that can support oncology test expansion without compromising quality.

Exome-Based Liquid Biopsy

Exome-based liquid biopsy interrogates a broader mutational landscape to uncover rare variants and resistance mechanisms. Adoption relies on powerful data analytics, clinically curated variant databases, and streamlined reporting that guides targeted therapies. Companies differentiate via capture chemistry, error-correction, and companion-diagnostic collaborations that link results to measurable treatment benefit and payer acceptance.

Oncology Blood Testing Market, Segmentation by Application

Applications reflect tumor-specific care pathways, with testing used for early detection, diagnosis, therapy selection, and surveillance. Commercial success correlates with guideline inclusion, evidence linking test results to improved outcomes, and seamless integration with oncology multidisciplinary teams. Vendors target centers of excellence, strengthen real-world data assets, and align reports with clinician workflows to support precise and timely treatment decisions.

Lung Cancer

Testing in lung cancer prioritizes actionable alterations and resistance monitoring, making liquid biopsy a valuable complement to tissue. Hospitals favor platforms with rapid turnaround, broad coverage, and clear reporting of biomarkers relevant to targeted and immuno-oncology agents. Expansion is supported by education, tumor boards, and reimbursement policies that recognize demonstrated clinical utility in advanced disease management.

Breast Cancer

In breast cancer, blood-based tools aid in prognosis, treatment selection, and minimal residual disease assessment in adjuvant and metastatic settings. Laboratories value standardization, longitudinal comparability, and connectivity with pathology and imaging. Partnerships with oncology networks and patient support programs encourage adherence to testing pathways and facilitate consistent, evidence-based care.

Colon Cancer

For colon cancer, blood testing supports monitoring after resection and during systemic therapy, offering non-invasive insights between imaging intervals. Vendors emphasize analytical performance, sample stability, and reporting that signals early progression to enable timely treatment adjustments. Growth opportunities include integration into survivorship programs and collaboration with payers to define high-value testing intervals.

Melanoma

Melanoma management benefits from tests that track tumor burden and resistance signals during targeted and immune therapies. Assays must handle low-shedding disease biology with enhanced sensitivity and robust variant calling. Commercial traction stems from academic partnerships, multicenter studies, and clear clinical actionability that supports incorporation into guideline-aligned care.

Ovarian Cancer

In ovarian cancer, blood-based approaches complement imaging and CA-125 tracking, informing response assessment and potential recurrence. Laboratories demand reproducibility, validated thresholds, and user-friendly reports for gynecologic oncology teams. Vendors pursue biomarker discovery and companion diagnostics aligned with targeted regimens, reinforcing adoption in comprehensive women’s health pathways.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)

For GIST, testing focuses on actionable mutations and resistance emergence under TKI therapy, where liquid biopsy provides frequent, minimally invasive surveillance. Success depends on coverage of relevant loci, error-corrected sequencing, and reports that directly inform therapy changes. Collaboration with specialty centers and registries helps build evidence for routine use and payer recognition of clinical utility.

Oncology Blood Testing Market, Segmentation by End User

End User dynamics shape volume, menu breadth, and service expectations across hospitals, specialist practices, and diagnostic laboratories. Decision criteria include turnaround time, integration with EHR/LIS, and interpretive support that simplifies complex genomic results. Commercial models combine direct lab deployment, central-lab services, and partnership-driven access to ensure consistent quality and wide patient reach.

Hospitals

Hospitals anchor demand through inpatient and ambulatory oncology, emphasizing comprehensive menus, rapid STAT testing, and multidisciplinary tumor board integration. Procurement favors platforms with proven clinical validity, uptime guarantees, and service agreements that protect throughput. Education, pathway standardization, and alignment with value-based care objectives sustain utilization and measurable outcomes.

Specialty Clinics

Specialty clinics adopt tests that streamline treatment selection, monitoring, and patient counseling in focused oncology settings. Priorities include easy specimen logistics, interpretable reports, and access programs that reduce patient cost burden. Vendors support clinicians with decision-support tools and coordinated care models that accelerate appropriate therapy while enhancing clinic efficiency.

Diagnostic Laboratories

Diagnostic laboratories operate high-throughput workflows that require robust automation, reagent reliability, and scalable bioinformatics. Competitive differentiation derives from menu depth, quality certifications, and fast, consistent TAT across broad geographic footprints. Partnerships with health systems and oncology groups enable reflex testing algorithms and longitudinal programs that deliver sustained clinical value.

Oncology Blood Testing Market, Segmentation by Geography

In this report, the Oncology Blood Testing Market has been segmented by Geography into five regions: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa and Latin America.