Bacteriophage Therapy Market
By Targeted Bacteria;
Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and OthersBy Route of Administration;
Oral, Topical and ParenteralBy Method of Administration;
Oral Administration, Topical Administration, Intravenous Administration and Intranasal AdministrationBy Distribution Channel;
Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies and Online PharmaciesBy Geography;
North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa and Latin America - Report Timeline (2021 - 2031)Bacteriophage Therapy Market Overview
Bacteriophage Therapy Market (USD Million)
Bacteriophage Therapy Market was valued at USD 1,353.04 million in the year 2024. The size of this market is expected to increase to USD 1,981.34 million by the year 2031, while growing at a Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.6%.
Bacteriophage Therapy Market
*Market size in USD million
CAGR 5.6 %
Study Period | 2025 - 2031 |
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Base Year | 2024 |
CAGR (%) | 5.6 % |
Market Size (2024) | USD 1,353.04 Million |
Market Size (2031) | USD 1,981.34 Million |
Market Concentration | Medium |
Report Pages | 339 |
Major Players
- Microgen
- Micreos
- ATCC
- Intralytix Inc
- Adaptive Phage Therapeutics
- Armata pharmaceuticals Inc
- LOCUS BIOSCIENCES INC
- Delmont Laboratories Inc
- Nextbiotics
- Pherecydes Pharma
- iNtODEWORLD Inc
- Enbiotix
- Fixed-Phage Limited
- Cytophage Technologies Inc
- Eliava Bio Preparations LTD
- Phagelux, Inc
- InnoPhage Ltd
- TechnoPhage
- Eligo Bioscience SA
- BiomX Ltd
Market Concentration
Consolidated - Market dominated by 1 - 5 major players
Bacteriophage Therapy Market
Fragmented - Highly competitive market without dominant players
The Bacteriophage Therapy Market is witnessing strong momentum due to the increasing resistance to traditional antibiotics. With antibiotic resistance projected to impact over 70% of bacterial infections, phage-based treatments are gaining substantial attention. The natural ability of bacteriophages to selectively target bacterial pathogens is driving their adoption as precision antimicrobials, especially in resistant infections.
Technological Advancements Boosting Efficacy
Advances in genetic engineering and synthetic biology have significantly enhanced the efficacy and customization of bacteriophage therapies. These innovations have led to the development of engineered phages that can target multi-drug-resistant bacteria with higher precision. Over 60% of recent R&D efforts are now directed towards optimizing phage-host interactions and therapeutic formulation.
Surging Clinical Trials and Regulatory Engagement
An increasing number of clinical trials, estimated at over 45% growth in recent years, is accelerating the commercialization of phage therapies. Regulatory bodies are also showing greater engagement, with new frameworks emerging to fast-track novel antimicrobial treatments. These supportive measures are reinforcing the credibility and market potential of phage-based solutions.
Expanding Application in Chronic and Acute Infections
Bacteriophage therapy is being increasingly explored for conditions such as chronic wound infections, cystic fibrosis-related lung infections, and gastrointestinal disorders. Around 55% of therapeutic research is now focused on chronic infection management, highlighting the versatility of phages beyond acute cases. This broadening scope is expanding the treatment horizon across healthcare settings.
Bacteriophage Therapy Market Recent Developments
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In April 2023, Astellas Pharma Inc., a pharmaceutical company, announced the acquisition of Iveric Bio., a company focusing on the discovery and development of novel treatments in the field of ophthalmology. In the acquisition, Iveric Bio will become an indirectly wholly owned subsidiary of Astellas Pharma Inc.
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In July 2023, Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biotechnology company, announced that it has received a US$25 million new financing transaction from Innoviva, Inc., a company engaged in the development, commercialization, and financial management of biopharmaceuticals, to advance the company's pipeline of therapeutic phage candidates, including APPA02 and APSA02, which target infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.
Bacteriophage Therapy Market Segment Analysis
In this report, the Bacteriophage Therapy Market has been segmented by Targeted Bacteria, Route of Administration, Distribution Channel, and Geography.
Bacteriophage Therapy Market, Segmentation by Targeted Bacteria
The Bacteriophage Therapy Market has been segmented by Targeted Bacteria into Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Others.
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli is one of the most commonly targeted bacteria in bacteriophage therapy, contributing to over 30% of the total demand. Its prevalence in urinary tract infections and foodborne illnesses makes it a significant focus for research and clinical trials.
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus-related therapies represent approximately 20% of the market, especially targeting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The need for alternative treatments to antibiotics is driving investments in this segment.
Streptococcus
Streptococcus accounts for nearly 15% of the market. Bacteriophages are increasingly used to treat streptococcal infections like strep throat and necrotizing fasciitis, where conventional antibiotics show limited efficacy due to resistance.
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, holds around 18% market share and is commonly associated with chronic lung infections in immunocompromised patients. Its resistance to multiple antibiotics makes it a key target for phage therapy.
Salmonella
Salmonella bacteriophage treatments comprise about 10% of the market. The rising occurrence of foodborne salmonellosis, especially in poultry and dairy, has increased demand for phage-based food safety applications.
Others
The "Others" segment includes a variety of multidrug-resistant and emerging pathogens, collectively accounting for the remaining 7%. These include strains involved in hospital-acquired infections and lesser-known gastrointestinal pathogens.
Bacteriophage Therapy Market, Segmentation by Route of Administration
The Bacteriophage Therapy Market has been segmented by Route of Administration into Oral, Topical, and Parenteral.
Oral
Oral administration is the most commonly used route in bacteriophage therapy, accounting for approximately 45% of the market share. It is preferred due to its non-invasive nature and ease of mass distribution, especially for gastrointestinal infections.
Topical
Topical bacteriophage applications contribute to around 30% of the market. They are primarily used for wound infections, burns, and localized bacterial issues, offering targeted treatment with minimal systemic side effects.
Parenteral
Parenteral administration—including intravenous and intramuscular routes—covers nearly 25% of the market. This route is essential for treating severe systemic infections, especially in hospital or critical care settings where immediate action is required.
Bacteriophage Therapy Market, Segmentation by Distribution Channel
The Bacteriophage Therapy Market has been segmented by Distribution Channel into Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, and Online Pharmacies
Hospital Pharmacies
Hospital pharmacies dominate the distribution channel, contributing to nearly 50% of the market share. They play a vital role in dispensing specialized treatments, particularly for inpatients requiring immediate therapeutic intervention under medical supervision.
Retail Pharmacies
Retail pharmacies account for approximately 30% of the bacteriophage therapy market. These outlets offer convenient access for outpatient prescriptions and are crucial for community-level distribution of phage-based medications.
Online Pharmacies
Online pharmacies are gaining traction, currently holding around 20% of the market. The digital shift and increasing patient preference for home delivery and discreet consultations are fueling the growth of this segment.
Bacteriophage Therapy Market, Segmentation by Geography
In this report, the Bacteriophage Therapy Market has been segmented by Geography into five regions; North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa, and Latin America.
Regions and Countries Analyzed in this Report
Bacteriophage Therapy Market Share (%), by Geographical Region
North America
North America leads the global bacteriophage therapy market, accounting for over 40% of the share. Strong research infrastructure, increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant infections, and high healthcare spending contribute to the region's dominance.
Europe
Europe holds around 25% of the market share, with growing interest in alternative antimicrobial therapies. Supportive regulatory frameworks and clinical research initiatives are boosting the region's bacteriophage development pipeline.
Asia Pacific
Asia Pacific is emerging as a high-growth region, expected to expand at a CAGR of over 12%. Rising healthcare needs, government support, and increasing R&D investments in countries like China, Japan, and India are propelling the market forward.
Middle East & Africa
The Middle East and Africa account for a modest share, approximately 7%, primarily driven by increasing awareness and public-private healthcare initiatives. However, the market here is still in its nascent stage.
Latin America
Latin America holds around 5% of the global market. The region is slowly embracing phage therapy in response to rising infectious disease cases and a growing interest in cost-effective alternatives to antibiotics.
Market Trens
This report provides an in depth analysis of various factors that impact the dynamics of Global Bacteriophage Therapy Market. These factors include; Market Drivers, Restraints, and Opportunities.
Drivers, Restraints and Opportunity Analysis
Drivers
- Rising antibiotic resistance
- Growing awareness of antibiotic limitations
- Demand for alternative therapies
- Biotech and microbiology advancements
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Personalized medicine focus - The focus on personalized medicine serves as a significant driver in the Global Bacteriophage Therapy Market. Personalized medicine emphasizes tailoring medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient, including their genetic makeup, microbiome composition, and disease profile. In the context of bacteriophage therapy, personalized medicine approaches enable the selection and customization of phage-based treatments based on the specific bacterial strains causing infection and the patient's unique clinical circumstances.
This personalized approach allows healthcare providers to identify the most effective bacteriophage formulations for individual patients, taking into account factors such as bacterial susceptibility patterns, immune status, and previous treatment history. By matching the right bacteriophage(s) to the specific bacterial pathogens causing infection, personalized medicine enhances treatment efficacy while minimizing the risk of treatment failure and adverse effects associated with broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Personalized medicine strategies in bacteriophage therapy extend beyond treatment selection to include dose optimization, treatment duration, and monitoring protocols tailored to individual patient responses. This individualized approach maximizes therapeutic outcomes while minimizing the development of phage resistance and preserving the patient's overall health and microbiome integrity.
Restraints
- Limited evidence and approvals
- Production challenges
- Lack of awareness
- Regulatory variability
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Safety and efficacy concerns - Safety and efficacy concerns pose a significant restraint in the Global Bacteriophage Therapy Market. Despite the potential benefits of bacteriophage therapy, there are lingering uncertainties regarding its safety profile and effectiveness, which can hinder widespread adoption and acceptance among healthcare professionals and patients.
One of the primary safety concerns associated with bacteriophage therapy is the potential for adverse effects, including allergic reactions, immune-mediated responses, and toxin release upon bacterial lysis. While bacteriophages are generally regarded as safe for therapeutic use, their interactions with host cells and immune systems are not fully understood, raising concerns about potential unintended consequences and long-term effects on patient health.
The efficacy of bacteriophage therapy can vary depending on factors such as phage-host interactions, bacterial resistance mechanisms, and treatment protocols. Concerns about treatment efficacy stem from the complex dynamics between bacteriophages and bacterial pathogens, including the development of phage resistance, host range limitations, and challenges in achieving adequate phage concentrations at the site of infection.
Opportunities
- Diverse applications
- Phage cocktails usage
- Expanded clinical trials
- Enhanced manufacturing
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Addressing medical gaps - Addressing medical gaps represents a significant opportunity in the Global Bacteriophage Therapy Market. Bacteriophage therapy offers a promising solution to address unmet medical needs and fill gaps in the current treatment landscape for infectious diseases, particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and emerging pathogens.
One key opportunity lies in targeting bacterial infections that are resistant to conventional antibiotics, including multidrug-resistant strains and infections associated with healthcare-associated and community-acquired infections. Bacteriophage therapy provides a targeted and specific approach to combating these resistant pathogens, offering alternative treatment options for patients who have failed or are intolerant to standard antibiotic therapies.
Bacteriophage therapy holds promise for treating infections caused by niche or uncommon bacterial pathogens that may not respond to traditional antibiotics or for which effective treatments are limited. By leveraging the diverse host range and specificity of bacteriophages, healthcare providers can tailor treatment regimens to address specific bacterial infections, even in cases where conventional antibiotics are ineffective or unavailable.
Competitive Landscape Analysis
Key players in Global Bacteriophage Therapy Market include,
- Microgen
- Micreos
- ATCC
- Intralytix Inc
- Adaptive Phage Therapeutics
- Armata pharmaceuticals Inc
- LOCUS BIOSCIENCES INC
- Delmont Laboratories Inc
- Nextbiotics
- Pherecydes Pharma
- iNtODEWORLD Inc
- Enbiotix
- Fixed-Phage Limited
- Cytophage Technologies Inc
- Eliava Bio Preparations LTD
- Phagelux, Inc
- InnoPhage Ltd
- TechnoPhage
- Eligo Bioscience SA
- BiomX Ltd
In this report, the profile of each market player provides following information:
- Company Overview and Product Portfolio
- Key Developments
- Financial Overview
- Strategies
- Company SWOT Analysis
- Introduction
- Research Objectives and Assumptions
- Research Methodology
- Abbreviations
- Market Definition & Study Scope
- Executive Summary
- Market Snapshot, By Targeted Bacteria
- Market Snapshot, By Route of Administration
- Market Snapshot, By Method of Administration
- Market Snapshot, By Distribution Channel
- Market Snapshot, By Region
- Bacteriophage Therapy Market Dynamics
- Drivers, Restraints and Opportunities
- Drivers
- Rising antibiotic resistance
- Growing awareness of antibiotic limitations
- Demand for alternative therapies
- Biotech and microbiology advancements
- Personalized medicine focus
- Restraints
- Limited evidence and approvals
- Production challenges
- Lack of awareness
- Regulatory variability
- Safety and efficacy concerns
- Opportunities
- Diverse applications
- Phage cocktails usage
- Expanded clinical trials
- Enhanced manufacturing
- Addressing medical gaps
- Drivers
- PEST Analysis
- Political Analysis
- Economic Analysis
- Social Analysis
- Technological Analysis
- Porter's Analysis
- Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- Bargaining Power of Buyers
- Threat of Substitutes
- Threat of New Entrants
- Competitive Rivalry
- Drivers, Restraints and Opportunities
- Market Segmentation
- Bacteriophage Therapy Market, By Targeted Bacteria, 2021-2031 (USD Million)
- Escherichia coli
- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
- Pseudomonas
- Salmonella
- Others
- Bacteriophage Therapy Market, By Route of Administration, 2021-2031 (USD Million)
- Oral
- Topical
- Parenteral
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Bacteriophage Therapy Market, By Method of Administration, 2021-2031 (USD Million)
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Oral Administration
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Topical Administration
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Intravenous Administration
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Intranasal Administration
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Bacteriophage Therapy Market, By Distribution Channel, 2021-2031 (USD Million)
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Hospital Pharmacies
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Retail Pharmacies
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Online Pharmacies
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- Bacteriophage Therapy Market, By Geography, 2021-2031 (USD Million)
- North America
- United States
- Canada
- Europe
- Germany
- United Kingdom
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- Nordic
- Benelux
- Rest of Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Japan
- China
- India
- Australia & New Zealand
- South Korea
- ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Countries)
- Rest of Asia Pacific
- Middle East & Africa
- GCC
- Israel
- South Africa
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
- Latin America
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Argentina
- Rest of Latin America
- North America
- Bacteriophage Therapy Market, By Targeted Bacteria, 2021-2031 (USD Million)
- Competitive Landscape
- Company Profiles
- Microgen
- Micreos
- ATCC
- Intralytix Inc
- Adaptive Phage Therapeutics
- Armata pharmaceuticals Inc
- LOCUS BIOSCIENCES INC
- Delmont Laboratories Inc
- Nextbiotics
- Pherecydes Pharma
- iNtODEWORLD Inc
- Enbiotix
- Fixed-Phage Limited
- Cytophage Technologies Inc
- Eliava Bio Preparations LTD
- Phagelux Inc
- InnoPhage Ltd
- TechnoPhage
- Eligo Bioscience SA
- BiomX Ltd
- Company Profiles
- Analyst Views
- Future Outlook of the Market