Automotive Electric Actuators Market
By Type;
Linear Actuators and Rotary ActuatorsBy Application;
Throttle, Brake, HVAC, Headlight, EGR, Door Lock, Power Seat, Sunroof and MirrorBy Vehicle;
Passenger Vehicles [Hatchback, Sedan and SUV] and Commercial Vehicles [Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV) and Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCV)]By Sales Channel;
OEM and AftermarketBy Geography;
North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa and Latin America - Report Timeline (2021 - 2031)Automotive Electric Actuator Market Overview
Automotive Electric Actuator Market (USD Million)
Automotive Electric Actuator Market was valued at USD 11,348.18 million in the year 2024. The size of this market is expected to increase to USD 19,702.31 million by the year 2031, while growing at a Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.2%.
Automotive Electric Actuators Market
*Market size in USD million
CAGR 8.2 %
Study Period | 2025 - 2031 |
---|---|
Base Year | 2024 |
CAGR (%) | 8.2 % |
Market Size (2024) | USD 11,348.18 Million |
Market Size (2031) | USD 19,702.31 Million |
Market Concentration | Medium |
Report Pages | 376 |
Major Players
- Aptiv
- Borg Warner Inc.
- Continental AG
- CTS Corporation
- DENSO Corporation
- Hella GmbH & Co., KGaA
- Hitachi Ltd.
- Johnson Electric
- MAHLE GmbH
- Mitusbishi Corporation
- Nidec Motors & Actuators
Market Concentration
Consolidated - Market dominated by 1 - 5 major players
Automotive Electric Actuators Market
Fragmented - Highly competitive market without dominant players
The Automotive Electric Actuators Market is witnessing rapid expansion as vehicles increasingly adopt advanced electronic control systems. These actuators are integral to managing vital operations such as throttle regulation, HVAC adjustments, and braking. Currently, nearly 60% of vehicles feature advanced actuators, reflecting a strong shift toward efficiency-driven automotive technologies.
Efficiency-Driven Adoption
The rising focus on energy efficiency and lower emissions has accelerated the replacement of mechanical systems with electric actuators. Close to 70% of newly developed vehicle models now incorporate actuator-based technologies to enhance performance. This trend is reinforced by the widespread adoption of hybrid and electric vehicles, where actuators are critical for seamless operation.
Advancements in Smart Technology
Growing investment in intelligent actuators and integrated sensors is reshaping the competitive landscape. Around 45% of manufacturers are developing actuators with smart monitoring features to improve responsiveness and accuracy. These innovations align with the surge in connected and autonomous driving technologies, ensuring higher operational reliability.
Safety and Comfort Integration
With 80% of customers giving priority to safety when selecting vehicles, electric actuators are increasingly used in systems such as adaptive headlights, powered seating, and electronic braking. The market also benefits from rising demand for comfort-focused enhancements, creating strong momentum across both passenger and commercial automotive categories.
Automotive Electric Actuator Market Recent Developments
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In July 2022, Valeo unveiled a high-efficiency actuator for electric and hybrid vehicles, emphasizing performance and cost-effectiveness.
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In September 2024, Denso launched a new line of electric actuators for EVs, focusing on reducing energy consumption.
Segment Analysis
The global automotive electric actuator market is characterized by a diverse range of product types catering to various functions within vehicles. These include headlamp actuators, VVT (Variable Valve Timing) actuators, EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) actuators, power seat actuators, power window actuators, hood lift actuators, brake actuators, cooling valve actuators, and others. Each of these product types serves critical roles in enhancing vehicle performance, comfort, and safety, contributing to the overall growth and evolution of the automotive industry.
Automotive electric actuators find utilization across different vehicle systems, including engine, body, exterior, and interior. Engine-related actuators, such as VVT and EGR actuators, play a vital role in optimizing engine performance, emissions control, and fuel efficiency. Meanwhile, actuators integrated into the body and exterior components, such as power seat actuators and hood lift actuators, enhance convenience and functionality for drivers and passengers. Interior applications, encompassing power window actuators and others, focus on improving comfort and convenience within the cabin, reflecting the increasing emphasis on enhancing the overall driving experience.
Segmentation by valve type further delineates the market, with electric actuators featuring various valve configurations to suit specific operational requirements. These valves typically include 2-port, 3-port, 4-port, and 5-port configurations, each offering distinct advantages in terms of fluid control and system performance. Moreover, the sales channels for automotive electric actuators encompass both OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) and aftermarket segments, providing automakers and consumers with a wide array of options for sourcing and maintaining these essential components. This comprehensive segmentation underscores the multifaceted nature of the global automotive electric actuator market, driven by innovation, regulatory requirements, and consumer preferences, paving the way for continued growth and advancement in the automotive industry.
Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market Analysis
In this report, the Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market has been segmented by Product Type, Valve Type, Sales Channel, Application, and Geography.
Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market, Segmentation by Product Type
The Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market has been segmented by Product Type into Headlamp Actuator, VVT Actuator, EGR Actuator, Power Seat Actuator, Power Window Actuator, Hood Lift Actuator, Brake Actuator, Cooling Valve Actuator, and Others.
The global automotive electric actuator market showcases a diverse array of product types tailored to enhance the functionality and efficiency of vehicles across various domains. These segments include headlamp actuators, VVT (Variable Valve Timing) actuators, EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) actuators, power seat actuators, power window actuators, hood lift actuators, brake actuators, cooling valve actuators, and others. Each product type addresses specific needs within automotive systems, ranging from controlling engine functions to managing interior and exterior components, thereby contributing to the overall performance and user experience of vehicles.
Headlamp actuators play a crucial role in modern automotive lighting systems, allowing for precise adjustment and control of headlight direction to optimize visibility and safety on the road. VVT actuators regulate the timing of engine valves, enabling efficient combustion and enhancing engine performance, fuel economy, and emissions control. EGR actuators facilitate the recirculation of exhaust gases, aiding in emissions reduction and compliance with environmental regulations. Power seat actuators offer customizable seating arrangements, enhancing driver and passenger comfort, while power window actuators enable seamless operation of vehicle windows for added convenience and functionality.
Hood lift actuators assist in the effortless opening and closing of vehicle hoods, improving accessibility for maintenance and inspection tasks. Brake actuators contribute to the precision and responsiveness of braking systems, enhancing vehicle safety and control. Cooling valve actuators regulate the flow of coolant within the engine, ensuring optimal temperature management for efficient engine operation. These segments, along with others, collectively drive the growth and innovation within the global automotive electric actuator market, meeting the evolving demands of automotive manufacturers and consumers for enhanced performance, comfort, and safety features in vehicles.
Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market, Segmentation by Valve Type
The Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market has been segmented by Valve Type into 2 Port Valve, 3 Port Valve, 4 Port Valve, and 5 Port Valve.
The global automotive electric actuator market is segmented by application into three main categories: engine, body & exterior, and interior functionalities. Within the engine segment, electric actuators are instrumental in optimizing engine performance, emissions control, and fuel efficiency. Actuators such as VVT (Variable Valve Timing) and EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) regulate valve timing and exhaust gas flow, respectively, contributing to improved engine efficiency and compliance with emissions standards. Additionally, actuators aid in functions such as throttle control and turbocharger operation, enhancing overall engine performance and responsiveness.
Body & exterior applications, automotive electric actuators are crucial for enhancing convenience, safety, and aesthetics. Actuators are employed in components like power seat adjusters, power windows, and hood lift systems, offering seamless control over vehicle operations. Moreover, electric actuators are utilized in advanced features such as automatic tailgate lift systems and adjustable spoiler mechanisms, highlighting their significance in elevating the driving experience and exterior functionality of vehicles.
The interior segment, automotive electric actuators play a vital role in enhancing comfort, convenience, and user experience for occupants. Power seat actuators enable customizable seating configurations, allowing drivers and passengers to achieve optimal comfort and ergonomics. Similarly, power window actuators ensure effortless operation of windows, while HVAC system actuators regulate temperature and airflow within the cabin. These interior-focused actuators underscore the industry's commitment to providing innovative solutions that prioritize occupant comfort and satisfaction, further driving the growth and adoption of electric actuators in the automotive sector.
Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market, Segmentation by Sales Channel
The Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market has been segmented by Sales Channel into OEM, and Aftermarket.
The global automotive electric actuator market is segmented by sales channel into two primary categories: OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) and aftermarket. OEM sales channel refers to the distribution of electric actuators directly to vehicle manufacturers for integration into new vehicles during the manufacturing process. As automakers strive to incorporate advanced technologies into their vehicles to enhance performance, efficiency, and comfort, the demand for electric actuators from OEMs continues to grow steadily. OEMs often collaborate with actuator suppliers to develop customized solutions that meet specific requirements, ensuring seamless integration and optimal performance within vehicle systems.
The aftermarket sales channel involves the distribution of electric actuators to consumers and service centers for replacement or upgrade purposes after the vehicle has been sold. Aftermarket electric actuators cater to a diverse range of needs, including repairs, maintenance, and customization, offering consumers the flexibility to enhance their vehicles' functionalities or replace worn-out components. The aftermarket segment plays a critical role in sustaining the lifecycle of vehicles by providing access to replacement parts and accessories, thereby contributing to the aftermarket's significant share of the automotive electric actuator market.
Both OEM and aftermarket sales channels contribute to the overall growth and dynamics of the global automotive electric actuator market. While OEM sales dominate the initial integration of actuators into new vehicles, the aftermarket segment serves as a vital component of the automotive ecosystem, ensuring ongoing support and serviceability for vehicles throughout their lifecycle. As technological advancements continue to drive innovation in the automotive industry, both sales channels are expected to witness sustained demand, reflecting the evolving needs and preferences of consumers and manufacturers alike.
Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market, Segmentation by Application
The Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market has been segmented by Application into Engine, Body & Exterior, and Interior.
The global automotive electric actuator market is strategically segmented based on application, encompassing the key areas of engine, body & exterior, and interior functionalities. Within the engine segment, electric actuators play a pivotal role in optimizing performance, emissions control, and fuel efficiency. Actuators such as VVT (Variable Valve Timing) and EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) act to regulate valve timing and exhaust gas flow, respectively, contributing to improved engine efficiency and compliance with stringent emissions standards. Additionally, actuators employed in engine systems aid in various functions such as throttle control and turbocharger operation, enhancing overall engine performance and responsiveness.
Body & exterior applications, automotive electric actuators are integral to several critical functionalities aimed at enhancing convenience, safety, and aesthetics. Actuators are employed in components such as power seat adjusters, power windows, and hood lift systems, offering users seamless control over vehicle operations. Furthermore, electric actuators are utilized in advanced features like automatic tailgate lift systems and adjustable spoiler mechanisms, emphasizing the importance of these components in elevating the overall driving experience and exterior functionality of vehicles.
The interior segment, automotive electric actuators contribute significantly to enhancing comfort, convenience, and user experience for occupants. Power seat actuators enable customizable seating configurations, allowing drivers and passengers to achieve optimal comfort and ergonomics. Similarly, power window actuators offer effortless operation of windows, while actuators integrated into HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems regulate temperature and airflow within the cabin. These interior-focused actuators underscore the industry's commitment to providing innovative solutions that prioritize occupant comfort and satisfaction, further driving the growth and adoption of electric actuators in the automotive sector.
Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market, Segmentation by Geography
In this report, the Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market has been segmented by Geography into five regions; North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa, and Latin America.
Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market Share (%), by Geographical Region, 2024
The global automotive electric actuator market is segmented geographically into five key regions: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa, and Latin America. Each of these regions exhibits unique characteristics and factors influencing the demand and growth of electric actuators within the automotive industry.
North America, as one of the leading automotive markets, showcases a strong demand for electric actuators driven by technological advancements and a focus on improving vehicle performance, efficiency, and safety. The region's robust automotive manufacturing ecosystem and stringent regulations regarding emissions and fuel efficiency further fuel the adoption of electric actuators in vehicles.
In Europe, renowned for its automotive engineering expertise and commitment to sustainability, the demand for electric actuators is propelled by stringent emissions regulations and a growing preference for electric and hybrid vehicles. Automakers in Europe are increasingly incorporating electric actuators into their vehicles to comply with regulations while meeting consumer demands for advanced features and improved fuel efficiency.
Asia Pacific emerges as a significant market for automotive electric actuators, fueled by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and a burgeoning automotive sector. With the presence of key automotive manufacturing hubs such as China, Japan, and South Korea, the region witnesses substantial investments in electric vehicle technology and infrastructure, driving the demand for electric actuators across various vehicle segments. Moreover, rising disposable incomes and changing consumer preferences towards premium features further contribute to the growth of the automotive electric actuator market in Asia Pacific.
Market Trends
This report provides an in depth analysis of various factors that impact the dynamics of Global Automotive Electric Actuator Market. These factors include; Market Drivers, Restraints and Opportunities Analysis.
Drivers, Restraints and Opportunity Analysis
Drivers:
- Increasing Demand for Fuel-Efficient Vehicles
- Growing Preference for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
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Rising Focus on Vehicle Performance and Safety - The rising focus on vehicle performance and safety is a significant driver shaping the dynamics of the global automotive electric actuator market. Automakers and consumers alike are increasingly prioritizing performance-enhancing features that not only improve driving dynamics but also ensure the safety of occupants and other road users. Electric actuators play a crucial role in achieving these objectives by offering precise control and adjustment of various vehicle systems, ultimately enhancing performance and safety standards. Actuators integrated into systems such as throttle control, brake systems, and suspension contribute to improved handling, responsiveness, and stability, thereby enhancing overall vehicle performance.
Electric actuators are instrumental in implementing advanced safety technologies that mitigate risks and prevent accidents on the road. Actuators are employed in safety-critical systems such as electronic stability control (ESC), adaptive cruise control (ACC), and collision avoidance systems, enabling swift and accurate responses to dynamic driving conditions. By facilitating quick adjustments to braking, steering, and suspension systems, electric actuators enhance vehicle stability, traction, and maneuverability, thereby reducing the likelihood of accidents and enhancing overall road safety.
The growing consumer demand for vehicles equipped with advanced safety features is driving the adoption of electric actuators in the automotive industry. With an increasing awareness of the importance of safety technologies in mitigating risks and protecting lives, automakers are integrating electric actuators into vehicles to meet evolving safety standards and consumer expectations. As a result, the market for automotive electric actuators is poised for significant growth as manufacturers continue to innovate and invest in technologies that enhance both vehicle performance and safety, ensuring a safer and more enjoyable driving experience for all.
Restraints:
- High Initial Investment Costs
- Complex Integration Processes
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Limited Awareness and Adoption in Emerging Markets - Limited awareness and adoption of automotive electric actuators in emerging markets pose a notable challenge for the global automotive industry. While developed regions have embraced electric actuators for their advanced functionalities and benefits, emerging markets often lag behind due to factors such as lower awareness levels among consumers and automotive manufacturers. In many emerging economies, traditional mechanical systems still dominate, and there is a lack of understanding about the advantages that electric actuators can offer in terms of performance, efficiency, and safety. As a result, the penetration of electric actuators in vehicles remains limited in these markets, hindering the overall growth potential of the global automotive electric actuator market.
The slower adoption of electric actuators in emerging markets can be attributed to cost considerations and infrastructure limitations. Electric actuators tend to be more expensive than their mechanical counterparts, making them less accessible to consumers in price-sensitive emerging markets. Moreover, the infrastructure required to support electric actuators, such as reliable electrical systems and skilled technicians for installation and maintenance, may be lacking in some regions. These factors contribute to hesitancy among automakers and consumers in emerging markets to invest in electric actuators, thereby impeding market growth and development.
Despite the challenges, there are opportunities for increased adoption of automotive electric actuators in emerging markets. As these economies continue to grow and urbanize, there is a rising demand for vehicles with advanced features and technologies that enhance performance, comfort, and safety. Automakers and suppliers can capitalize on this trend by educating consumers and industry stakeholders about the benefits of electric actuators and by offering tailored solutions that address the specific needs and preferences of emerging markets. Moreover, as infrastructure improves and manufacturing capabilities expand in these regions, the cost of electric actuators is likely to decrease, making them more accessible to a broader segment of consumers. Overall, while limited awareness and adoption present challenges, they also represent opportunities for the global automotive electric actuator market to expand its footprint in emerging markets and drive future growth.
Opportunities:
- Expansion of Electric Vehicle Market
- Innovations in Actuator Design and Functionality
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Integration of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Autonomous Driving Technologies - The integration of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving technologies is driving significant transformation in the global automotive electric actuator market. ADAS systems, such as adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assist, and automatic emergency braking, rely heavily on electric actuators for precise control and adjustment of vehicle functions. These actuators play a crucial role in implementing features like automatic steering, braking, and acceleration, which are essential for enhancing safety and convenience in modern vehicles. As automakers increasingly incorporate ADAS technologies into their vehicles to meet evolving safety standards and consumer demands, the demand for electric actuators is poised to surge, driving growth in the automotive electric actuator market.
The advent of autonomous driving technologies is further amplifying the demand for electric actuators in the automotive industry. Autonomous vehicles rely on a multitude of sensors, actuators, and control systems to perceive the environment and navigate safely without human intervention. Electric actuators are integral components of autonomous driving systems, facilitating precise control over steering, braking, and throttle functions to ensure smooth and accurate vehicle operation. As the development and commercialization of autonomous vehicles continue to accelerate, the market for automotive electric actuators is expected to experience substantial growth, driven by the increasing integration of advanced autonomous driving technologies.
The convergence of ADAS and autonomous driving technologies presents new opportunities for innovation and collaboration within the automotive electric actuator market. Automakers and technology suppliers are actively investing in research and development to enhance the performance, reliability, and efficiency of electric actuators to meet the demanding requirements of ADAS and autonomous driving systems. Collaborations between automotive manufacturers and actuator suppliers are becoming increasingly common as stakeholders work together to develop customized solutions that address the unique challenges and complexities of autonomous vehicle technology. Overall, the integration of ADAS and autonomous driving technologies represents a pivotal driver shaping the future of the global automotive electric actuator market, with immense potential for growth and innovation in the years to come.
Automotive Electric Actuators Market Competitive Landscape Analysis
Automotive Electric Actuators Market has been witnessing strong competition as manufacturers enhance their portfolios through continuous innovation, strategic collaboration, and mergers. With nearly 65% share controlled by leading players, the market shows rising emphasis on technological advancements and integrated systems to support vehicle efficiency, safety, and electrification-driven growth.
Market Structure and Concentration
The market is moderately consolidated, with top companies holding over 55% share, while regional players contribute to the remaining share. This mix fosters competitive intensity, where established brands expand through partnerships and smaller firms rely on cost-effective strategies. Such concentration has created an environment where innovation and performance standards directly influence long-term expansion.
Brand and Channel Strategies
Major manufacturers invest heavily in strengthening brand positioning, supported by online and offline distribution networks. Around 60% of sales are driven through OEM partnerships, while aftermarket channels account for a growing portion. Companies focus on strategies such as alliances and collaboration with suppliers to ensure consistent growth and strengthen their competitive standing.
Innovation Drivers and Technological Advancements
Close to 70% of new product launches in this market highlight integrated technological advancements, including lightweight materials and energy-efficient designs. Continuous innovation is driven by R&D investments, often resulting from partnerships and joint ventures. Companies are increasingly adopting strategies that focus on sustainability while addressing the shift toward electrification.
Regional Momentum and Expansion
Over 40% of demand originates from Asia-Pacific, reflecting accelerated expansion in automotive production and electrification programs. Europe accounts for nearly 30%, supported by strong collaboration among OEMs and suppliers. North America demonstrates stable growth through rising adoption of advanced driver systems, encouraging further strategies for regional partnerships and manufacturing efficiency.
Future Outlook
The market is expected to register steady growth, with demand for precision control solutions rising above 65% over the coming years. Continuous technological advancements, supported by strategic partnerships, will drive new product introductions. The future outlook suggests stronger expansion across electrification-focused vehicle segments, positioning leading firms for long-term competitiveness.
Key players in Automotive Electric Actuator Market include:
- Robert Bosch GmbH
- Continental AG
- Denso Corporation
- Johnson Electric Holdings Limited
- HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA
- Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
- BorgWarner Inc.
- Hitachi Astemo, Ltd.
- ZF Friedrichshafen AG
- Valeo SA
- Aisin Corporation
- Nidec Corporation
- Stoneridge
- MAHLE GmbH
- Schaeffler AG
In this report, the profile of each market player provides following information:
- Company Overview and Product Portfolio
- Market Share Analysis
- Key Developments
- Financial Overview
- Strategies
- Company SWOT Analysis
- Introduction
- Research Objectives and Assumptions
- Research Methodology
- Abbreviations
- Market Definition & Study Scope
- Executive Summary
- Market Snapshot, By Type
- Market Snapshot, By Application
- Market Snapshot, By Vehicle
- Market Snapshot, By Sales Channel
- Market Snapshot, By Region
- Automotive Electric Actuators Market Dynamics
- Drivers, Restraints and Opportunities
- Drivers
- Increasing Demand for Fuel-Efficient Vehicles
- Growing Preference for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
- Rising Focus on Vehicle Performance and Safety
- Restraints
- High Initial Investment Costs
- Complex Integration Processes
- Limited Awareness and Adoption in Emerging Markets
- Opportunities
- Expansion of Electric Vehicle Market
- Innovations in Actuator Design and Functionality
- Integration of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Autonomous Driving Technologies
- Drivers
- PEST Analysis
- Political Analysis
- Economic Analysis
- Social Analysis
- Technological Analysis
- Porter's Analysis
- Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- Bargaining Power of Buyers
- Threat of Substitutes
- Threat of New Entrants
- Competitive Rivalry
- Drivers, Restraints and Opportunities
- Market Segmentation
- Automotive Electric Actuators Market, By Type, 2021 - 2031 (USD Million)
- Linear Actuators
- Rotary Actuators
- Automotive Electric Actuators Market, By Application, 2021 - 2031 (USD Million)
- Throttle
- Brake
- HVAC
- Headlight
- EGR
- Door Lock
- Power Seat
- Sunroof
- Mirror
- Automotive Electric Actuators Market, By Vehicle, 2021 - 2031 (USD Million)
- Passenger Vehicles
- Hatchback
- Sedan
- SUV
- Commercial Vehicles
- Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV)
- Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCV)
- Passenger Vehicles
- Automotive Electric Actuators Market, By Sales Channel, 2021 - 2031 (USD Million)
- OEM
- Aftermarket
- Automotive Electric Actuators Market, By Geography, 2021 - 2031 (USD Million)
- North America
- United States
- Canada
- Europe
- Germany
- United Kingdom
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- Nordic
- Benelux
- Rest of Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Japan
- China
- India
- Australia & New Zealand
- South Korea
- ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Countries)
- Rest of Asia Pacific
- Middle East & Africa
- GCC
- Israel
- South Africa
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
- Latin America
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Argentina
- Rest of Latin America
- North America
- Automotive Electric Actuators Market, By Type, 2021 - 2031 (USD Million)
- Competitive Landscape
- Company Profiles
- Robert Bosch GmbH
- Continental AG
- Denso Corporation
- Johnson Electric Holdings Limited
- HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA
- Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
- BorgWarner Inc.
- Hitachi Astemo, Ltd.
- ZF Friedrichshafen AG
- Valeo SA
- Aisin Corporation
- Nidec Corporation
- Stoneridge
- MAHLE GmbH
- Schaeffler AG
- Company Profiles
- Analyst Views
- Future Outlook of the Market